Russian Forces Modify T-72 Tank Against 155mm Artillery, Top Attack Munitions

Russian forces have adapted the T-72B/B3 tank with an enhanced anti-cumulative superstructure, providing partial defense against both tandem cumulative and 155mm high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, including guided projectiles like the M982 Block IA "Excalibur," covering vulnerable areas of the turret and hull.

The vehicle is also equipped with a traditional KMT-7 track trawl for clearing minefields in areas where motorized rifle units advance, providing additional protection against drones.

The T-72 tank has played a pivotal role in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, with both sides deploying various models of this platform. Russia's primary T-72 variants currently in service include the T-72B3 (modernized in 2011 and 2016) and the older T-72B (modernized in 1985 and 1989).

In response to the threat posed by advanced anti-tank weaponry, Russian forces applied improvised steel grilles, known as "cope cages," to the turret of their T-72 tanks. These cages were likely intended to provide some protection against top-attack weapons like the FGM-148 Javelin and NLAW used by Ukrainian forces. However, these grilles added weight, increased the vehicle's visual profile, and could hinder crew evacuation in emergencies.

Military analysts suggest that these modifications were influenced by lessons learned from previous conflicts, such as the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, where similar tactics were employed. The ad hoc nature of these grilles, made from various materials and lacking uniformity, suggests they were improvised solutions rather than standard issue equipment.

Interestingly, Russian tank crews reportedly removed these cages later due to operational difficulties, such as obstructing machine gun usage, radios, and crew evacuation during emergencies like fires. Despite these challenges, Russia continues to heavily rely on T-72 tanks, with significant losses exceeding 1,400 T-72s across all variants as of April 2024.