Israel and the United States successfully launched the Arrow-3 anti-ballistic missile system over the Mediterranean today, a ministry statement said.
A joint missile test was carried out, as US Secretary of State John Kerry pushed for a Middle East peace deal.
The Arrow, designed to counter long-range missiles, has successfully intercepted missiles similar to Iran's Shihab-3 in a variety of test conditions.
Last year, Israel and the US tested a separate part of the Jewish state's missile defense system, David's Sling.
It was the first time David's Sling was tested "in its entirety," including identifying the target missile, launching and successfully shooting it down.
David's Sling was aimed at bridging the gap between the Arrow and the much-vaunted Iron Dome system.
Israel and the US also test-fired the Arrow Ballistic Missile Defense system in September last year over the Mediterranean.