China Launches Shijian-25 Satellite to Test Orbital Refueling Technologies

China's first rocket mission of 2025 launched the Shijian-25 satellite to test orbital refueling and life extension technologies for sustainable space operations.

The satellite, carried by a Long March 3B rocket, lifted off at 4:00 a.m. Beijing time from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province.

Developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST), the satellite reached its geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) approximately an hour after launch, according to the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

The Shijian-25 satellite is designed to demonstrate fuel replenishment systems that could extend the operational lifespan of satellites already in orbit. This capability reduces the need for new satellite launches, offering cost and environmental benefits.

The Long March 3B rocket, China’s workhorse for GTO missions, was used for the launch. This marks the 555th mission for the Long March rocket family.

While the mission is officially described as a civilian project, international analysts note the dual-use potential of orbital refueling technologies. These capabilities, which allow for the servicing and relocation of satellites, could be applied to both civilian and military purposes.

China's earlier Shijian-21 mission demonstrated advanced debris management, docking with and relocating a defunct satellite to a graveyard orbit. The current mission builds on these capabilities.

China’s advancements in satellite servicing come amid growing global interest in the field. The U.S.-based Northrop Grumman plans to launch its Mission Robotic Vehicle (MRV) in 2026 to provide similar on-orbit servicing capabilities. As major space powers focus on extending satellite lifespans, the field is becoming a key area of competition.

CASC has announced plans for over 10 Long March 3 series launches in 2025, alongside other missions, including crewed flights to the Tiangong space station and the Tianwen-2 asteroid sample return mission.